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The Stellarfence project is a collaborative initiative with key contributions from several Eastern European member states. Estonia will play a crucial role in data analysis, utilizing its advanced digital infrastructure and expertise in cyber technologies. The Czech Republic will contribute by developing the Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) to ensure precise satellite positioning and maneuvering. Poland will be responsible for the development of the Earth and On-Orbit Observation systems. Additionally, the Slovak Republic will oversee the development of the remaining satellite systems, manage the integration of the project components, and handle the procurement of launch services, ensuring the smooth realization of the Stellarfence constellation.
The Stellarfence project aims to establish a robust constellation of 100 satellites by 2034, iterated in two-year cycles, to serve as a standalone competency for Eastern European nations as well as a supplementary asset for all EU member states. This will enhance regional and continental security, situational awareness, and intelligence capabilities through advanced space-based technologies.
Stellarfence's strategic significance is profound – the constellation is engineered to deliver advanced SIGINT capabilities in the frequency range of 70MHz to 6GHz, enabling the monitoring of communications both in orbit and on Earth. The project facilitates high-resolution observation capabilities in VLEO and LEO orbits, initially greater than 10cm, with subsequent advancements aiming for over 5cm, and eventually extending observational capacity to MEO orbits. A key component of the system is the establishment of a communication network for defense IoT devices, which can be instrumental in managing logistics such as convoy transport, arms and ammunition inventory, vehicle tracking, and equipment monitoring. To ensure secure and reliable data transfer, the constellation will employ highly secure, satellite-to-satellite communication using the SWARM technology, providing a fortified layer of communication resilience and operational integrity for defense applications.
The principal challenge lies in the development and deployment of a cost-effective satellite constellation capable of providing comprehensive SIGINT capabilities, precision tracking, and communication within a rapid timeline. This challenge encompasses the design and integration of sophisticated on-orbit systems that must operate reliably in the harsh conditions of space.
Stellarfence will deploy an initial validation/demonstration satellite (6U cube satellite) equipped with SDR radio for on-orbit radio frequency observation (7MHz - 6GHz), an ADCS system for precise orientation, and a dual-band communication module (UHF + S-band) for ground communication. An Earth and On-Orbit Observation Telescope (VIS) will enable monitoring of objects in VLEO and LEO orbits larger than 10cm. Subsequent phases will enhance capabilities with defense IoT modules for ground-to-space IoT communication and improved resolution for object observation. Each satellite will have a designated operational lifespan of 36 months, followed by active deorbiting and replenishment of the constellation.
The successful specification, development, and demonstration of a scalable, advanced satellite constellation equipped with SIGINT and observation capabilities, IoT communication, and a robust framework for satellite-to-satellite networking.